{"version":"praxis-graph-v1","disclaimer":"Short summary of the point a judgment is known for, with sources, not legal advice. ExploreWorldAI is not a legal adviser. 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?q=<question>","mcp_tool":"praxis_graph","count":68,"last_checked":"2026-10-02","by_article":{"air-passenger-rights:5:en":["sturgeon~en","wallentin-hermann~en","van-der-lans~en","pescova~en","krusemann~en","airhelp-sas~en","mcdonagh~en","sousa-rodriguez~en"],"air-passenger-rights:6:en":["sturgeon~en","nelson~en"],"air-passenger-rights:7:en":["sturgeon~en","nelson~en","germanwings~en","folkerts~en","more-klm~en"],"air-passenger-rights:2:en":["germanwings~en","sousa-rodriguez~en","finnair-lassooy~en"],"air-passenger-rights:9:en":["mcdonagh~en"],"air-passenger-rights:4:en":["finnair-lassooy~en"],"visa-code:21:en":["koushkaki~en"],"visa-code:32:en":["koushkaki~en","el-hassani~en"],"air-passenger-rights:5:sv":["sturgeon~sv","wallentin-hermann~sv","van-der-lans~sv","pescova~sv","krusemann~sv","airhelp-sas~sv","mcdonagh~sv","sousa-rodriguez~sv"],"air-passenger-rights:6:sv":["sturgeon~sv","nelson~sv"],"air-passenger-rights:7:sv":["sturgeon~sv","nelson~sv","germanwings~sv","folkerts~sv","more-klm~sv"],"air-passenger-rights:2:sv":["germanwings~sv","sousa-rodriguez~sv","finnair-lassooy~sv"],"air-passenger-rights:9:sv":["mcdonagh~sv"],"air-passenger-rights:4:sv":["finnair-lassooy~sv"],"visa-code:21:sv":["koushkaki~sv"],"visa-code:32:sv":["koushkaki~sv","el-hassani~sv"],"air-passenger-rights:5:no":["sturgeon~no","wallentin-hermann~no","van-der-lans~no","pescova~no","krusemann~no","airhelp-sas~no","mcdonagh~no","sousa-rodriguez~no"],"air-passenger-rights:6:no":["sturgeon~no","nelson~no"],"air-passenger-rights:7:no":["sturgeon~no","nelson~no","germanwings~no","folkerts~no","more-klm~no"],"air-passenger-rights:2:no":["germanwings~no","sousa-rodriguez~no","finnair-lassooy~no"],"air-passenger-rights:9:no":["mcdonagh~no"],"air-passenger-rights:4:no":["finnair-lassooy~no"],"visa-code:21:no":["koushkaki~no"],"visa-code:32:no":["koushkaki~no","el-hassani~no"],"air-passenger-rights:5:de":["sturgeon~de","wallentin-hermann~de","van-der-lans~de","pescova~de","krusemann~de","airhelp-sas~de","mcdonagh~de","sousa-rodriguez~de"],"air-passenger-rights:6:de":["sturgeon~de","nelson~de"],"air-passenger-rights:7:de":["sturgeon~de","nelson~de","germanwings~de","folkerts~de","more-klm~de"],"air-passenger-rights:2:de":["germanwings~de","sousa-rodriguez~de","finnair-lassooy~de"],"air-passenger-rights:9:de":["mcdonagh~de"],"air-passenger-rights:4:de":["finnair-lassooy~de"],"visa-code:21:de":["koushkaki~de"],"visa-code:32:de":["koushkaki~de","el-hassani~de"]},"nodes":[{"id":"sturgeon~en","type":"Judgment","lang":"en","act":"air-passenger-rights","article":"5","question":"Sturgeon and Others (C-402/07 and C-432/07)","answer":{"text":"Passengers whose flight arrives three hours or more late at the final destination may claim the same compensation as for a cancelled flight.","ref":"ECLI:EU:C:2009:716"},"terms":"delay delayed late three hours compensation 600 euro försening försenad sen tre timmar ersättning forsinkelse forsinket erstatning verspätung verspätet entschädigung","case":{"id":"sturgeon","case_no":"C-402/07 and C-432/07","name":"Sturgeon and Others","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2009:716","decided":"2009-11-19","court":"Court of Justice of the European Union"},"interprets":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 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C-432/07, ECLI:EU:C:2009:716, 2009-11-19. Summary by ExploreWorldAI, checked 2026-10-02: https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-5. Judgment: https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-402%2F07"},"disclaimer":"Short summary of the point a judgment is known for, with sources, not legal advice. ExploreWorldAI is not a legal adviser. Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"nelson~en","type":"Judgment","lang":"en","act":"air-passenger-rights","article":"6","question":"Nelson and Others (C-581/10 and C-629/10)","answer":{"text":"The Court confirmed the three hour rule from Sturgeon and found it compatible with the Montreal Convention.","ref":"ECLI:EU:C:2012:657"},"terms":"delay three hours compensation montreal convention försening ersättning forsinkelse erstatning verspätung","case":{"id":"nelson","case_no":"C-581/10 and C-629/10","name":"Nelson and Others","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2012:657","decided":"2012-10-23","court":"Court of Justice of the European Union"},"interprets":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 261/2004","articles":[{"article":"6","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-6"},{"article":"7","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-7"}]},"source":{"name":"CURIA","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2012:657","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-581%2F10"},"checked":"2026-10-02","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-6","node_url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/nelson~en.json","edges":[{"rel":"judgment","to":"ecli:ECLI:EU:C:2012:657","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-581%2F10"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:air-passenger-rights:6","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-6"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:air-passenger-rights:7","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-7"},{"rel":"part_of","to":"act:air-passenger-rights","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261"},{"rel":"official_text","to":"celex:32004R0261","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32004R0261"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:forsenat-flyg-ersattning","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/resenar/forsenat-flyg-ersattning"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"sturgeon~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/sturgeon~en.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"germanwings~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/germanwings~en.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"folkerts~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/folkerts~en.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"more-klm~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/more-klm~en.json"}],"agent":{"follow_up":[{"question":"Sturgeon and Others (C-402/07 and C-432/07)","node":"sturgeon~en"},{"question":"Germanwings (C-452/13)","node":"germanwings~en"},{"question":"Air France v Folkerts (C-11/11)","node":"folkerts~en"},{"question":"Moré v KLM (C-139/11)","node":"more-klm~en"}],"next_call":{"tool":"praxis_graph","arguments":{"act":"air-passenger-rights","article":"6","lang":"en"},"http":"https://guhdexlcewpmmqcgscvt.supabase.co/functions/v1/agent-api/v1/praxis?act=air-passenger-rights&article=6&lang=en"},"cite_as":"CJEU, Nelson and Others, C-581/10 and C-629/10, ECLI:EU:C:2012:657, 2012-10-23. Summary by ExploreWorldAI, checked 2026-10-02: https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-6. Judgment: https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-581%2F10"},"disclaimer":"Short summary of the point a judgment is known for, with sources, not legal advice. ExploreWorldAI is not a legal adviser. Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"germanwings~en","type":"Judgment","lang":"en","act":"air-passenger-rights","article":"2","question":"Germanwings (C-452/13)","answer":{"text":"Arrival time is the moment at least one aircraft door opens and passengers may leave, not touchdown.","ref":"ECLI:EU:C:2014:2141"},"terms":"arrival time landing door doors open touchdown ankomsttid landning dörr ankomst landing dør ankunftszeit landung tür","case":{"id":"germanwings","case_no":"C-452/13","name":"Germanwings","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2014:2141","decided":"2014-09-04","court":"Court of Justice of the European Union"},"interprets":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 261/2004","articles":[{"article":"2","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-2"},{"article":"7","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-7"}]},"source":{"name":"CURIA","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2014:2141","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-452%2F13"},"checked":"2026-10-02","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-2","node_url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/germanwings~en.json","edges":[{"rel":"judgment","to":"ecli:ECLI:EU:C:2014:2141","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-452%2F13"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:air-passenger-rights:2","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-2"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:air-passenger-rights:7","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-7"},{"rel":"part_of","to":"act:air-passenger-rights","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261"},{"rel":"official_text","to":"celex:32004R0261","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32004R0261"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:forsening-ankomsttid","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/resenar/forsening-ankomsttid"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"sturgeon~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/sturgeon~en.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"nelson~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/nelson~en.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"folkerts~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/folkerts~en.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"sousa-rodriguez~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/sousa-rodriguez~en.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"finnair-lassooy~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/finnair-lassooy~en.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"more-klm~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/more-klm~en.json"}],"agent":{"follow_up":[{"question":"Sturgeon and Others (C-402/07 and C-432/07)","node":"sturgeon~en"},{"question":"Nelson and Others (C-581/10 and C-629/10)","node":"nelson~en"},{"question":"Air France v Folkerts (C-11/11)","node":"folkerts~en"},{"question":"Sousa Rodríguez and Others (C-83/10)","node":"sousa-rodriguez~en"},{"question":"Finnair v Lassooy (C-22/11)","node":"finnair-lassooy~en"},{"question":"Moré v KLM (C-139/11)","node":"more-klm~en"}],"next_call":{"tool":"praxis_graph","arguments":{"act":"air-passenger-rights","article":"2","lang":"en"},"http":"https://guhdexlcewpmmqcgscvt.supabase.co/functions/v1/agent-api/v1/praxis?act=air-passenger-rights&article=2&lang=en"},"cite_as":"CJEU, Germanwings, C-452/13, ECLI:EU:C:2014:2141, 2014-09-04. 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Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"wallentin-hermann~en","type":"Judgment","lang":"en","act":"air-passenger-rights","article":"5","question":"Wallentin-Hermann (C-549/07)","answer":{"text":"A technical problem found during maintenance or caused by failure to maintain an aircraft is not in itself an extraordinary circumstance.","ref":"ECLI:EU:C:2008:771"},"terms":"technical problem fault maintenance engine breakdown extraordinary circumstance tekniskt fel underhåll teknisk feil vedlikehold technischer defekt wartung","case":{"id":"wallentin-hermann","case_no":"C-549/07","name":"Wallentin-Hermann","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2008:771","decided":"2008-12-22","court":"Court of Justice of the European Union"},"interprets":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 261/2004","articles":[{"article":"5","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-5"}]},"source":{"name":"CURIA","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2008:771","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-549%2F07"},"checked":"2026-10-02","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-5","node_url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/wallentin-hermann~en.json","edges":[{"rel":"judgment","to":"ecli:ECLI:EU:C:2008:771","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-549%2F07"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:air-passenger-rights:5","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-5"},{"rel":"part_of","to":"act:air-passenger-rights","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261"},{"rel":"official_text","to":"celex:32004R0261","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32004R0261"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:extraordinara-omstandigheter-teknik","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/resenar/extraordinara-omstandigheter-teknik"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"sturgeon~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/sturgeon~en.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"van-der-lans~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/van-der-lans~en.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"pescova~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/pescova~en.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"krusemann~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/krusemann~en.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"airhelp-sas~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/airhelp-sas~en.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"mcdonagh~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/mcdonagh~en.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"sousa-rodriguez~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/sousa-rodriguez~en.json"}],"agent":{"follow_up":[{"question":"Sturgeon and Others (C-402/07 and C-432/07)","node":"sturgeon~en"},{"question":"van der Lans (C-257/14)","node":"van-der-lans~en"},{"question":"Pešková and Peška (C-315/15)","node":"pescova~en"},{"question":"Krüsemann and Others (C-195/17)","node":"krusemann~en"},{"question":"Airhelp v SAS (C-28/20)","node":"airhelp-sas~en"},{"question":"McDonagh (C-12/11)","node":"mcdonagh~en"},{"question":"Sousa Rodríguez and Others (C-83/10)","node":"sousa-rodriguez~en"}],"next_call":{"tool":"praxis_graph","arguments":{"act":"air-passenger-rights","article":"5","lang":"en"},"http":"https://guhdexlcewpmmqcgscvt.supabase.co/functions/v1/agent-api/v1/praxis?act=air-passenger-rights&article=5&lang=en"},"cite_as":"CJEU, Wallentin-Hermann, C-549/07, ECLI:EU:C:2008:771, 2008-12-22. 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Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"walz~en","type":"Judgment","lang":"en","act":"","article":"","question":"Walz v Clickair (C-63/09)","answer":{"text":"The Montreal Convention's baggage limit covers both material and non-material damage.","ref":"ECLI:EU:C:2010:251"},"terms":"lost baggage luggage damage limit förlorat bagage skada borttappat bagasje tapt gepäck verloren schaden","case":{"id":"walz","case_no":"C-63/09","name":"Walz v Clickair","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2010:251","decided":"2010-05-06","court":"Court of Justice of the European Union"},"interprets":{"instrument":"Montreal Convention, Article 22","articles":[]},"source":{"name":"CURIA","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2010:251","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-63%2F09"},"checked":"2026-10-02","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/resenar/bagage-forlorat","node_url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/walz~en.json","edges":[{"rel":"judgment","to":"ecli:ECLI:EU:C:2010:251","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-63%2F09"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:bagage-forlorat","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/resenar/bagage-forlorat"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:bagage-forsenat","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/resenar/bagage-forsenat"}],"agent":{"follow_up":[],"next_call":{"tool":"praxis_graph","arguments":{"question":"Walz v Clickair (C-63/09)","lang":"en"},"http":"https://guhdexlcewpmmqcgscvt.supabase.co/functions/v1/agent-api/v1/praxis?q=Walz%20v%20Clickair&lang=en"},"cite_as":"CJEU, Walz v Clickair, C-63/09, ECLI:EU:C:2010:251, 2010-05-06. 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Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"espada-sanchez~en","type":"Judgment","lang":"en","act":"","article":"","question":"Espada Sánchez and Others (C-410/11)","answer":{"text":"Each passenger has their own baggage limit, also for items in a bag checked in under another passenger's name.","ref":"ECLI:EU:C:2012:747"},"terms":"baggage luggage limit per passenger shared bag family bagage resväska bagasje koffer gepäck","case":{"id":"espada-sanchez","case_no":"C-410/11","name":"Espada Sánchez and Others","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2012:747","decided":"2012-11-22","court":"Court of Justice of the European Union"},"interprets":{"instrument":"Montreal Convention, Article 22","articles":[]},"source":{"name":"CURIA","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2012:747","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-410%2F11"},"checked":"2026-10-02","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/resenar/bagage-delad-vaska","node_url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/espada-sanchez~en.json","edges":[{"rel":"judgment","to":"ecli:ECLI:EU:C:2012:747","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-410%2F11"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:bagage-delad-vaska","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/resenar/bagage-delad-vaska"}],"agent":{"follow_up":[],"next_call":{"tool":"praxis_graph","arguments":{"question":"Espada Sánchez and Others (C-410/11)","lang":"en"},"http":"https://guhdexlcewpmmqcgscvt.supabase.co/functions/v1/agent-api/v1/praxis?q=Espada%20S%C3%A1nchez%20and%20Others&lang=en"},"cite_as":"CJEU, Espada Sánchez and Others, C-410/11, ECLI:EU:C:2012:747, 2012-11-22. Summary by ExploreWorldAI, checked 2026-10-02: https://exploreworldai.com/resenar/bagage-delad-vaska. Judgment: https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-410%2F11"},"disclaimer":"Short summary of the point a judgment is known for, with sources, not legal advice. ExploreWorldAI is not a legal adviser. Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"koushkaki~en","type":"Judgment","lang":"en","act":"visa-code","article":"21","question":"Koushkaki (C-84/12)","answer":{"text":"A Schengen visa may only be refused on the grounds listed in the Visa Code, though the authorities have a wide margin in assessing them.","ref":"ECLI:EU:C:2013:862"},"terms":"schengen visa refused refusal grounds visum avslag nekad visum avslått visum abgelehnt","case":{"id":"koushkaki","case_no":"C-84/12","name":"Koushkaki","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2013:862","decided":"2013-12-19","court":"Court of Justice of the European Union"},"interprets":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 (Visa Code)","articles":[{"article":"21","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-21"},{"article":"32","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-32"}]},"source":{"name":"CURIA","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2013:862","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-84%2F12"},"checked":"2026-10-02","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-21","node_url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/koushkaki~en.json","edges":[{"rel":"judgment","to":"ecli:ECLI:EU:C:2013:862","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-84%2F12"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:visa-code:21","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-21"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:visa-code:32","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-32"},{"rel":"part_of","to":"act:visa-code","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810"},{"rel":"official_text","to":"celex:32009R0810","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32009R0810"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:visum-avslag-overklaga","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/resenar/visum-avslag-overklaga"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"el-hassani~en","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/el-hassani~en.json"}],"agent":{"follow_up":[{"question":"El Hassani (C-403/16)","node":"el-hassani~en"}],"next_call":{"tool":"praxis_graph","arguments":{"act":"visa-code","article":"21","lang":"en"},"http":"https://guhdexlcewpmmqcgscvt.supabase.co/functions/v1/agent-api/v1/praxis?act=visa-code&article=21&lang=en"},"cite_as":"CJEU, Koushkaki, C-84/12, ECLI:EU:C:2013:862, 2013-12-19. Summary by ExploreWorldAI, checked 2026-10-02: https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-21. Judgment: https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-84%2F12"},"disclaimer":"Short summary of the point a judgment is known for, with sources, not legal advice. ExploreWorldAI is not a legal adviser. 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Summary by ExploreWorldAI, checked 2026-10-02: https://exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-32. Judgment: https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-403%2F16"},"disclaimer":"Short summary of the point a judgment is known for, with sources, not legal advice. ExploreWorldAI is not a legal adviser. Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"sturgeon~sv","type":"Judgment","lang":"sv","act":"air-passenger-rights","article":"5","question":"Sturgeon m.fl. 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Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"more-klm~sv","type":"Judgment","lang":"sv","act":"air-passenger-rights","article":"7","question":"Moré mot KLM (C-139/11)","answer":{"text":"Tidsfristen för att väcka talan om ersättning enligt förordning 261/2004 bestäms av nationell rätt i varje medlemsstat.","ref":"ECLI:EU:C:2012:741"},"terms":"time limit deadline how long claim limitation preskription tidsfrist hur länge foreldelse frist verjährung","case":{"id":"more-klm","case_no":"C-139/11","name":"Moré mot KLM","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2012:741","decided":"2012-11-22","court":"Court of Justice of the European Union"},"interprets":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 261/2004","articles":[{"article":"7","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/sv/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-7"}]},"source":{"name":"CURIA","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2012:741","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-139%2F11"},"checked":"2026-10-02","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/sv/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-7","node_url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/more-klm~sv.json","edges":[{"rel":"judgment","to":"ecli:ECLI:EU:C:2012:741","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-139%2F11"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:air-passenger-rights:7","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/sv/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-7"},{"rel":"part_of","to":"act:air-passenger-rights","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/sv/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261"},{"rel":"official_text","to":"celex:32004R0261","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/SV/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32004R0261"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:preskription-flygersattning","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/sv/resenar/preskription-flygersattning"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"sturgeon~sv","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/sturgeon~sv.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"nelson~sv","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/nelson~sv.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"germanwings~sv","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/germanwings~sv.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"folkerts~sv","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/folkerts~sv.json"}],"agent":{"follow_up":[{"question":"Sturgeon m.fl. (C-402/07 och C-432/07)","node":"sturgeon~sv"},{"question":"Nelson m.fl. (C-581/10 och C-629/10)","node":"nelson~sv"},{"question":"Germanwings (C-452/13)","node":"germanwings~sv"},{"question":"Air France mot Folkerts (C-11/11)","node":"folkerts~sv"}],"next_call":{"tool":"praxis_graph","arguments":{"act":"air-passenger-rights","article":"7","lang":"sv"},"http":"https://guhdexlcewpmmqcgscvt.supabase.co/functions/v1/agent-api/v1/praxis?act=air-passenger-rights&article=7&lang=sv"},"cite_as":"CJEU, Moré mot KLM, C-139/11, ECLI:EU:C:2012:741, 2012-11-22. Summary by ExploreWorldAI, checked 2026-10-02: https://exploreworldai.com/sv/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-7. Judgment: https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-139%2F11"},"disclaimer":"Short summary of the point a judgment is known for, with sources, not legal advice. ExploreWorldAI is not a legal adviser. Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"walz~sv","type":"Judgment","lang":"sv","act":"","article":"","question":"Walz mot Clickair (C-63/09)","answer":{"text":"Montrealkonventionens ansvarsgräns för bagage omfattar både ekonomisk och ideell skada.","ref":"ECLI:EU:C:2010:251"},"terms":"lost baggage luggage damage limit förlorat bagage skada borttappat bagasje tapt gepäck verloren schaden","case":{"id":"walz","case_no":"C-63/09","name":"Walz mot Clickair","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2010:251","decided":"2010-05-06","court":"Court of Justice of the European Union"},"interprets":{"instrument":"Montreal Convention, Article 22","articles":[]},"source":{"name":"CURIA","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2010:251","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-63%2F09"},"checked":"2026-10-02","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/sv/resenar/bagage-forlorat","node_url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/walz~sv.json","edges":[{"rel":"judgment","to":"ecli:ECLI:EU:C:2010:251","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-63%2F09"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:bagage-forlorat","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/sv/resenar/bagage-forlorat"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:bagage-forsenat","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/sv/resenar/bagage-forsenat"}],"agent":{"follow_up":[],"next_call":{"tool":"praxis_graph","arguments":{"question":"Walz mot Clickair (C-63/09)","lang":"sv"},"http":"https://guhdexlcewpmmqcgscvt.supabase.co/functions/v1/agent-api/v1/praxis?q=Walz%20mot%20Clickair&lang=sv"},"cite_as":"CJEU, Walz mot Clickair, C-63/09, ECLI:EU:C:2010:251, 2010-05-06. Summary by ExploreWorldAI, checked 2026-10-02: https://exploreworldai.com/sv/resenar/bagage-forlorat. Judgment: https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-63%2F09"},"disclaimer":"Short summary of the point a judgment is known for, with sources, not legal advice. ExploreWorldAI is not a legal adviser. Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"espada-sanchez~sv","type":"Judgment","lang":"sv","act":"","article":"","question":"Espada Sánchez m.fl. 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Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"koushkaki~sv","type":"Judgment","lang":"sv","act":"visa-code","article":"21","question":"Koushkaki (C-84/12)","answer":{"text":"Ett Schengenvisum får bara vägras av de skäl som räknas upp i viseringskodexen, men myndigheten har ett stort utrymme att bedöma dem.","ref":"ECLI:EU:C:2013:862"},"terms":"schengen visa refused refusal grounds visum avslag nekad visum avslått visum abgelehnt","case":{"id":"koushkaki","case_no":"C-84/12","name":"Koushkaki","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2013:862","decided":"2013-12-19","court":"Court of Justice of the European Union"},"interprets":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 (Visa Code)","articles":[{"article":"21","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/sv/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-21"},{"article":"32","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/sv/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-32"}]},"source":{"name":"CURIA","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2013:862","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-84%2F12"},"checked":"2026-10-02","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/sv/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-21","node_url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/koushkaki~sv.json","edges":[{"rel":"judgment","to":"ecli:ECLI:EU:C:2013:862","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-84%2F12"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:visa-code:21","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/sv/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-21"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:visa-code:32","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/sv/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-32"},{"rel":"part_of","to":"act:visa-code","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/sv/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810"},{"rel":"official_text","to":"celex:32009R0810","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/SV/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32009R0810"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:visum-avslag-overklaga","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/sv/resenar/visum-avslag-overklaga"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"el-hassani~sv","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/el-hassani~sv.json"}],"agent":{"follow_up":[{"question":"El Hassani (C-403/16)","node":"el-hassani~sv"}],"next_call":{"tool":"praxis_graph","arguments":{"act":"visa-code","article":"21","lang":"sv"},"http":"https://guhdexlcewpmmqcgscvt.supabase.co/functions/v1/agent-api/v1/praxis?act=visa-code&article=21&lang=sv"},"cite_as":"CJEU, Koushkaki, C-84/12, ECLI:EU:C:2013:862, 2013-12-19. 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Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"walz~no","type":"Judgment","lang":"no","act":"","article":"","question":"Walz mot Clickair (C-63/09)","answer":{"text":"Montrealkonvensjonens ansvarsgrense for bagasje omfatter både økonomisk og ikke-økonomisk skade.","ref":"ECLI:EU:C:2010:251"},"terms":"lost baggage luggage damage limit förlorat bagage skada borttappat bagasje tapt gepäck verloren schaden","case":{"id":"walz","case_no":"C-63/09","name":"Walz mot Clickair","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2010:251","decided":"2010-05-06","court":"Court of Justice of the European Union"},"interprets":{"instrument":"Montreal Convention, Article 22","articles":[]},"source":{"name":"CURIA","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2010:251","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-63%2F09"},"checked":"2026-10-02","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/no/resenar/bagage-forlorat","node_url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/walz~no.json","edges":[{"rel":"judgment","to":"ecli:ECLI:EU:C:2010:251","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-63%2F09"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:bagage-forlorat","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/no/resenar/bagage-forlorat"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:bagage-forsenat","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/no/resenar/bagage-forsenat"}],"agent":{"follow_up":[],"next_call":{"tool":"praxis_graph","arguments":{"question":"Walz mot Clickair (C-63/09)","lang":"no"},"http":"https://guhdexlcewpmmqcgscvt.supabase.co/functions/v1/agent-api/v1/praxis?q=Walz%20mot%20Clickair&lang=no"},"cite_as":"CJEU, Walz mot Clickair, C-63/09, ECLI:EU:C:2010:251, 2010-05-06. 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Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"koushkaki~no","type":"Judgment","lang":"no","act":"visa-code","article":"21","question":"Koushkaki (C-84/12)","answer":{"text":"Et Schengen-visum kan bare avslås av grunnene som er listet i visumkodeksen, men myndigheten har stort rom for å vurdere dem.","ref":"ECLI:EU:C:2013:862"},"terms":"schengen visa refused refusal grounds visum avslag nekad visum avslått visum abgelehnt","case":{"id":"koushkaki","case_no":"C-84/12","name":"Koushkaki","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2013:862","decided":"2013-12-19","court":"Court of Justice of the European Union"},"interprets":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 (Visa Code)","articles":[{"article":"21","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/no/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-21"},{"article":"32","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/no/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-32"}]},"source":{"name":"CURIA","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2013:862","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-84%2F12"},"checked":"2026-10-02","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/no/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-21","node_url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/koushkaki~no.json","edges":[{"rel":"judgment","to":"ecli:ECLI:EU:C:2013:862","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-84%2F12"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:visa-code:21","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/no/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-21"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:visa-code:32","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/no/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-32"},{"rel":"part_of","to":"act:visa-code","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/no/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810"},{"rel":"official_text","to":"celex:32009R0810","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32009R0810"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:visum-avslag-overklaga","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/no/resenar/visum-avslag-overklaga"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"el-hassani~no","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/el-hassani~no.json"}],"agent":{"follow_up":[{"question":"El Hassani (C-403/16)","node":"el-hassani~no"}],"next_call":{"tool":"praxis_graph","arguments":{"act":"visa-code","article":"21","lang":"no"},"http":"https://guhdexlcewpmmqcgscvt.supabase.co/functions/v1/agent-api/v1/praxis?act=visa-code&article=21&lang=no"},"cite_as":"CJEU, Koushkaki, C-84/12, ECLI:EU:C:2013:862, 2013-12-19. 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Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"germanwings~de","type":"Judgment","lang":"de","act":"air-passenger-rights","article":"2","question":"Germanwings (C-452/13)","answer":{"text":"Die Ankunftszeit ist der Zeitpunkt, zu dem mindestens eine Flugzeugtür geöffnet wird und die Fluggäste aussteigen dürfen, nicht das Aufsetzen auf der Landebahn.","ref":"ECLI:EU:C:2014:2141"},"terms":"arrival time landing door doors open touchdown ankomsttid landning dörr ankomst landing dør ankunftszeit landung tür","case":{"id":"germanwings","case_no":"C-452/13","name":"Germanwings","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2014:2141","decided":"2014-09-04","court":"Court of Justice of the European Union"},"interprets":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 261/2004","articles":[{"article":"2","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-2"},{"article":"7","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-7"}]},"source":{"name":"CURIA","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2014:2141","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-452%2F13"},"checked":"2026-10-02","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-2","node_url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/germanwings~de.json","edges":[{"rel":"judgment","to":"ecli:ECLI:EU:C:2014:2141","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-452%2F13"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:air-passenger-rights:2","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-2"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:air-passenger-rights:7","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261/artikel-7"},{"rel":"part_of","to":"act:air-passenger-rights","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/air-passenger-rights-2004-261"},{"rel":"official_text","to":"celex:32004R0261","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32004R0261"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:forsening-ankomsttid","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/resenar/forsening-ankomsttid"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"sturgeon~de","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/sturgeon~de.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"nelson~de","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/nelson~de.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"folkerts~de","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/folkerts~de.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"sousa-rodriguez~de","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/sousa-rodriguez~de.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"finnair-lassooy~de","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/finnair-lassooy~de.json"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"more-klm~de","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/more-klm~de.json"}],"agent":{"follow_up":[{"question":"Sturgeon u. a. 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Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"koushkaki~de","type":"Judgment","lang":"de","act":"visa-code","article":"21","question":"Koushkaki (C-84/12)","answer":{"text":"Ein Schengen-Visum darf nur aus den im Visakodex aufgeführten Gründen abgelehnt werden, wobei die Behörden bei deren Beurteilung einen weiten Ermessensspielraum haben.","ref":"ECLI:EU:C:2013:862"},"terms":"schengen visa refused refusal grounds visum avslag nekad visum avslått visum abgelehnt","case":{"id":"koushkaki","case_no":"C-84/12","name":"Koushkaki","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2013:862","decided":"2013-12-19","court":"Court of Justice of the European Union"},"interprets":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 (Visa Code)","articles":[{"article":"21","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-21"},{"article":"32","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-32"}]},"source":{"name":"CURIA","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2013:862","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-84%2F12"},"checked":"2026-10-02","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-21","node_url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/koushkaki~de.json","edges":[{"rel":"judgment","to":"ecli:ECLI:EU:C:2013:862","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-84%2F12"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:visa-code:21","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-21"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:visa-code:32","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-32"},{"rel":"part_of","to":"act:visa-code","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810"},{"rel":"official_text","to":"celex:32009R0810","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32009R0810"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:visum-avslag-overklaga","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/resenar/visum-avslag-overklaga"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"el-hassani~de","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/el-hassani~de.json"}],"agent":{"follow_up":[{"question":"El Hassani (C-403/16)","node":"el-hassani~de"}],"next_call":{"tool":"praxis_graph","arguments":{"act":"visa-code","article":"21","lang":"de"},"http":"https://guhdexlcewpmmqcgscvt.supabase.co/functions/v1/agent-api/v1/praxis?act=visa-code&article=21&lang=de"},"cite_as":"CJEU, Koushkaki, C-84/12, ECLI:EU:C:2013:862, 2013-12-19. 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Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."},{"id":"el-hassani~de","type":"Judgment","lang":"de","act":"visa-code","article":"32","question":"El Hassani (C-403/16)","answer":{"text":"Wem ein Schengen-Visum verweigert wird, muss in irgendeinem Verfahrensstadium bei einem Gericht Widerspruch einlegen können.","ref":"ECLI:EU:C:2017:960"},"terms":"schengen visa refused appeal court överklaga avslag domstol klage domstol berufung gericht visum","case":{"id":"el-hassani","case_no":"C-403/16","name":"El Hassani","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2017:960","decided":"2017-12-13","court":"Court of Justice of the European Union"},"interprets":{"instrument":"Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 (Visa Code)","articles":[{"article":"32","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-32"}]},"source":{"name":"CURIA","ecli":"ECLI:EU:C:2017:960","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-403%2F16"},"checked":"2026-10-02","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-32","node_url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/el-hassani~de.json","edges":[{"rel":"judgment","to":"ecli:ECLI:EU:C:2017:960","url":"https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-403%2F16"},{"rel":"interprets","to":"article:visa-code:32","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-32"},{"rel":"part_of","to":"act:visa-code","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810"},{"rel":"official_text","to":"celex:32009R0810","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32009R0810"},{"rel":"applied_in","to":"traveller:visum-avslag-overklaga","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/de/resenar/visum-avslag-overklaga"},{"rel":"same_article","to":"koushkaki~de","url":"https://exploreworldai.com/api/v1/graph/praxis/koushkaki~de.json"}],"agent":{"follow_up":[{"question":"Koushkaki (C-84/12)","node":"koushkaki~de"}],"next_call":{"tool":"praxis_graph","arguments":{"act":"visa-code","article":"32","lang":"de"},"http":"https://guhdexlcewpmmqcgscvt.supabase.co/functions/v1/agent-api/v1/praxis?act=visa-code&article=32&lang=de"},"cite_as":"CJEU, El Hassani, C-403/16, ECLI:EU:C:2017:960, 2017-12-13. Summary by ExploreWorldAI, checked 2026-10-02: https://exploreworldai.com/de/eu/rattsakter/visa-code-2009-810/artikel-32. Judgment: https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-403%2F16"},"disclaimer":"Short summary of the point a judgment is known for, with sources, not legal advice. ExploreWorldAI is not a legal adviser. Only the judgment on CURIA and the official text on EUR-Lex are binding."}]}