Article 2 — Definitions

Consumer Rights Directive, Directive 2011/83/EU

What does CRD Article 2 say?

Short answer, straight from the official text

For the purpose of this Directive, the following definitions shall apply: (1) ‘consumer’ means any natural person who, in contracts covered by this Directive, is acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business, craft or profession;

Source: Consumer Rights Directive, Directive 2011/83/EU, read 2026-10-13.

Official text

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For the purpose of this Directive, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) ‘consumer’ means any natural person who, in contracts covered by this Directive, is acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business, craft or profession;

(2) ‘trader’ means any natural person or any legal person, irrespective of whether privately or publicly owned, who is acting, including through any other person acting in his name or on his behalf, for purposes relating to his trade, business, craft or profession in relation to contracts covered by this Directive;

(3) ‘goods’ means any tangible movable items, with the exception of items sold by way of execution or otherwise by authority of law; water, gas and electricity shall be considered as goods within the meaning of this Directive where they are put up for sale in a limited volume or a set quantity;

(4) ‘goods made to the consumer’s specifications’ means non-prefabricated goods made on the basis of an individual choice of or decision by the consumer;

(5) ‘sales contract’ means any contract under which the trader transfers or undertakes to transfer the ownership of goods to the consumer and the consumer pays or undertakes to pay the price thereof, including any contract having as its object both goods and services;

(6) ‘service contract’ means any contract other than a sales contract under which the trader supplies or undertakes to supply a service to the consumer and the consumer pays or undertakes to pay the price thereof;

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Other articles in this chapter

• Article 1
• Article 3
• Article 4

The same rule in other acts

These articles carry the same official heading. The wording is not identical; read each text at its own source.

• GDPR Article 4 — Definitions
• AI Act Article 3 — Definitions
• NIS2 Article 6 — Definitions
• DSA Article 3 — Definitions

Who does this apply to

The register names five roles. Open a role to see the duties this act places on it, each row with its article and its source.

• Online marketplace
• Seller in distance selling

Does this apply to us?

• Do ai governance rules apply to an online marketplace?
• Do personal data rules apply to an online marketplace?
• Do cross-border data rules apply to an online marketplace?
• Do cybersecurity rules apply to an online marketplace?
• Do health data rules apply to an online marketplace?
• Do online platforms rules apply to an online marketplace?

All roles in the register · All questions by role

The text is quoted from the official source and is not legal advice. A national court reads the language version that binds in its jurisdiction.

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